At FARE Labs Pvt. Ltd., we prioritize the safety and quality of drinking water through comprehensive testing services. Contaminants such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, along with MS phage, pose significant health risks, particularly in water supplies. Our advanced testing methodologies, including RT-PCR for protozoan detection and USEPA Method 1602 for MS phage, help ensure compliance with national and international standards, safeguarding public health.
Understanding the Pathogens
| Pathogen | Description | Health Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Giardia | A microscopic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis, transmitted through contaminated water sources. Symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and nausea. | Affects individuals of all ages, particularly dangerous for young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Can lead to severe dehydration and malnutrition. |
| Cryptosporidium | A protozoan parasite responsible for cryptosporidiosis, characterized by watery diarrhoea. Highly resistant to chlorination, posing a significant water quality concern. | Similar risks as Giardia, especially for vulnerable populations. Severe infections can occur in immunocompromised individuals, potentially leading to life-threatening complications. |
| MS-Phage | A type of bacteriophage that specifically infects Escherichia coli (E. coli). Serves as an indicator of faecal contamination in water supplies. | Indicates the potential presence of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water, highlighting health risks to consumers. |
Testing Methodologies
1. RT-PCR for Giardia and Cryptosporidium
Description: Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a molecular technique that allows for the sensitive and specific detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium DNA in water samples. This method amplifies the genetic material, making it possible to identify even low concentrations of these pathogens.
Testing Process:
- Sample Collection: Water samples are collected using sterile containers to prevent contamination.
- DNA Extraction: The DNA from Giardia and Cryptosporidium is extracted from the collected samples.
- RT-PCR Amplification: The extracted DNA undergoes amplification, enabling the detection of specific genetic markers associated with the pathogens.
- Analysis: The results are analyzed, providing quantitative data on the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
2. MS Phage Testing (USEPA Method 1602)
Description: USEPA Method 1602 is a standardized procedure for the detection of MS phage in drinking water. This method involves the use of an enrichment culture to enhance the growth of MS phage.
Testing Process:
- Sample Collection: Water samples are collected and transported under controlled conditions to preserve the integrity of the sample.
- Enrichment Culture: The sample is inoculated into a broth that supports the growth of MS phage.
- Plaque Assay: After incubation, a plaque assay is performed to quantify the number of MS phage present in the sample.
- Results Interpretation: The results indicate the level of fecal contamination, assisting in assessing water quality.