Dioxins and furans are highly toxic environmental pollutants belonging to the group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The term “dioxins and dioxin-like substances” commonly refers to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCDD and PCDFs are environmental contaminants detectable in almost all compartments of the global ecosystem in trace amounts. These compounds can originate from various industrial processes, such as waste incineration, chemical manufacturing, and paper bleaching. They are formed as by-products of numerous industrial activities and all combustion processes. Besides the anthropogenic sources of PCDD/PCDF, an enzyme-mediated formation of PCDD and PCDF from 2,4,5- and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol has been demonstrated to be responsible for their biogenic formation. Due to their persistence and ability to bio-accumulate, dioxins and furans pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife, making their detection and control critical.
SOURCES OF EXPOSURE
Dioxins and furans are highly toxic environmental pollutants belonging to the group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The term “dioxins and dioxin-like substances” commonly refers to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCDD and PCDFs are environmental contaminants detectable in almost all compartments of the global ecosystem in trace amounts. These compounds can originate from various industrial processes, such as waste incineration, chemical manufacturing, and paper bleaching. They are formed as by-products of numerous industrial activities and all combustion processes. Besides the anthropogenic sources of PCDD/PCDF, an enzyme-mediated formation of PCDD and PCDF from 2,4,5- and 3,4,5-trichlorophenol has been demonstrated to be responsible for their biogenic formation. Due to their persistence and ability to bio-accumulate, dioxins and furans pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife, making their detection and control critical.